Quoting
What does quoting entail? A quotation is a verbatim rendering of text or speech. A quotation is placed within quotation marks or indented as a block in the text. It is the length of the quotation that decides whether indent a block quote or not. A rule of thumb is that if the quote is longer than three sentences or more than 40 words it should be indented
Some examples of quoting
A quote in running text:
One study found that “the listener's familiarity with the topic of discourse greatly facilitates the interpretation of the entire message” (Gass & Varonis, 1984, p. 85).
Gass and Varonis (1984) found that “the listener’s familiarity with the topic of discourse greatly facilitates the interpretation of the entire message” (p. 85).
A block quotation:
Display the quote as an indented block of text without quotation marks and include the authors’ names, year, and page number in parentheses at the end of the quote. For example:
This suggests that familiarity with nonnative speech in general, although it is clearly not as important a variable as topic familiarity, may indeed have some effect. That is, prior experience with nonnative speech, such as that gained by listening to the reading, facilitates comprehension. (Gass & Varonis, 1984, p. 77)
Resources for writing references
